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Traditional wastewater treatment involves three distinct steps: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Factors Influencing Secondary Treatment Choices The choice between aerobic and anaerobic processes depends on several factors, such as the wastewater’s characteristics, chemical and biological oxygen demand (COD and BOD), energy requirements, treatment time, capital investment, operating and maintenance costs, sludge production, space requirements, desired […]

1. BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand): Refers to the concentration of dissolved oxygen needed for microorganisms to biochemically break down organic matter in water under aerobic conditions. To ensure the comparability of BOD measurements, a time period is usually set, during which the dissolved oxygen consumption in water is determined. A common period is five days,

1. Wastewater Treatment Levels 2. Composition of Wastewater Treatment Processes 3. Principles for Selecting Treatment Processes The choice of treatment process should be based on: 4. Major Wastewater Treatment Methods 1) Physical Treatment Methods These methods rely on physical processes to remove contaminants without altering their chemical structure. Common techniques include: 2) Chemical Treatment Methods